Navigating the Interest Rate Hike Storm: A Survival Guide for Nigerian SMEs

On July 23rd, 2024, The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) again announced a hike in the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) from 26.25% to 26.75% to curb the country’s increasing inflation rate.

The move, though not a bad one, poses significant challenges for businesses already grappling with many economic hurdles. However, it’s important to note that SMEs have shown remarkable resilience in the face of such challenges, inspiring hope for the future.

Understanding the Monetary Policy and Impacts on SMES

A Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) of 26.75% means that a country’s central bank has set the interest rate at which commercial banks borrow it at 26.75% per annum.

In simple terms, this means the central bank lends money to commercial banks at an interest rate of 26.75%. Commercial banks then lend this money to their customers (individuals and businesses) at a higher interest rate, making borrowing money more expensive. This move attempts to control inflation by reducing consumption and demand for goods and services, furthering the decline in consumer buying ability and dwindling sales for business owners, including SMEs. 

This new development has faced much backlash from the entrepreneurial community, like NACCIMA and NECA, pointing out the ripple effect of policies like this on business owners. At the same time, the CBN, in its defence, highlighted the potential benefits of its interest rate hikes, such as the 234% year-on-year increase in capital importation to $5.92 billion in the first half of the year, H1’24, and the 62% year-on-year increase in Diaspora Remittances to $2.43 billion in H1’24. These figures, along with the rise in external reserves to $37. 05 billion, provide a sense of reassurance and optimism.

An increased interest rate directly translates to higher borrowing costs for businesses. SMEs, which rely heavily on loans for expansion, working capital, and investment, are particularly vulnerable. With rising capital costs, these businesses need help accessing funds, hindering their growth potential.

Moreover, the higher interest rate environment can lead to reduced consumer spending as individuals grapple with increased borrowing costs on personal loans and credit cards. This decline in consumer spending can adversely affect SMEs’ revenue, creating a domino effect on their operations.

What, then, is the way forward for SMEs faced with these myriad challenges?

While the challenges posed by the interest rate hike are substantial, SMEs can implement strategies to mitigate its impact. Here are some key recommendations:

Strategic Financial Management: SMEs should prioritize careful financial planning and budgeting, closely monitoring cash flow, reducing operational costs, and optimizing resource utilization.

Debt Management: SME owners must urgently review their debt obligations and explore refinancing options to secure lower interest rates potentially. They should prioritize debt repayment and avoid unnecessary borrowing.

Focus on High-Profit Areas and Diversify Revenue Streams:  Analyse product or service lines and prioritize those with higher profit margins; expanding product or service offerings will help reduce reliance on a single income source and enhance resilience during economic downturns.

Cost-Cutting Measures: Cost-saving initiatives, like streamlining operations, negotiating better supplier deals, and exploring alternative sourcing options, can help improve profitability.

Digital Transformation: Embracing technology can improve efficiency and reduce operational costs. Digital platforms can also facilitate access to new markets and customers, thereby reducing the impact of the interest rate hike on SMEs.

Government Support: SMEs should leverage government programs and initiatives to support businesses. These programs often provide financial assistance, capacity building, and market access, like the SMEDAN Sterling bank loan, which offers up to 2.5 million naira at one single interest rate. This support is crucial and should be seen as a source of encouragement for SMEs.

Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations: Collaborating with other businesses can create synergies and reduce costs. Forming strong relationships with suppliers and customers to negotiate better terms can also help. Overall, partnerships can also provide access to new markets and resources.

The CBN’s interest rate hike presents a formidable challenge for Nigerian SMEs. By adopting proactive measures and sound financial strategies, businesses can navigate these turbulent waters and emerge stronger. Government support and a conducive business environment are crucial in helping SMEs weather the storm and contribute to the nation’s economic growth.

Sources: https://punchng.com/higher-interest-rates-could-cripple-businesses-says-naccima/#google_vignette

https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07